人类的思维大体有两类，暂称其为常规思维和反思
常规思维是绝大多数人的思维方式——时时被自己的情绪和欲望所左右，默认以自我为中心和参照的合理性
反思则分为三种：反思别人的认知、反思自己的认知和反思自己的反思
- 第一种反思属于基础反思，初步地触及到了深层认知层面
- 第二种反思带来了伦理学，从而产生了传统意义上的圣人，典型的名言如，“吾日三省吾身”
- 第三种反思则开启了批判性思维，即哲学思考，如，“我思故我在”
There are two types of human thinking – conventional thinking and reflective thinking
Conventional thinking is the way embraced by most people – always self-centered and self-referential, unidirectionally swayed by one’s own emotions and desires
Reflective thinking has three types: reflection on others’ cognition, reflection on one’s own cognition, and reflection on one’s own reflection.
- The first type of reflection is the basic reflection, which preliminarily touches the deep cognitive level
- The second type of reflection leads to ethics and traditional saints with typical quotes like, “I examine myself three times every day”
- The third type of reflection opens up critical thinking, that is, philosophy thinking such as “I think, therefore I am”