思维的层次 | DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THINKING

人类的思维大体有两类,暂称其为常规思维和反思

常规思维是绝大多数人的思维方式——时时被自己的情绪和欲望所左右,默认以自我为中心和参照的合理性

反思则分为三种:反思别人的认知、反思自己的认知和反思自己的反思

  • 第一种反思属于基础反思,初步地触及到了深层认知层面
  • 第二种反思带来了伦理学,从而产生了传统意义上的圣人,典型的名言如,“吾日三省吾身”
  • 第三种反思则开启了批判性思维,即哲学思考,如,“我思故我在”

There are two types of human thinking – conventional thinking and reflective thinking

Conventional thinking is the way embraced by most people – always self-centered and self-referential, unidirectionally swayed by one’s own emotions and desires

Reflective thinking has three types: reflection on others’ cognition, reflection on one’s own cognition, and reflection on one’s own reflection.

  • The first type of reflection is the basic reflection, which preliminarily touches the deep cognitive level
  • The second type of reflection leads to ethics and traditional saints with typical quotes like, “I examine myself three times every day”
  • The third type of reflection opens up critical thinking, that is, philosophy thinking such as “I think, therefore I am”
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